Everything about The Trigeminal Ganglion totally explained
The
trigeminal ganglion (or
Gasserian ganglion, or
semilunar ganglion, or
Gasser's ganglion) is a sensory
ganglion of the
trigeminal nerve (CN V) which occupies a cavity (
Meckel's cave) in the
dura mater covering the
trigeminal impression near the apex of the
petrous part of the
temporal bone.
Relations
It is somewhat crescentic in shape, with its convexity directed forward: medially, it's in relation with the
internal carotid artery and the posterior part of the
cavernous sinus.
The
motor root runs in front of and medial to the
sensory root, and passes beneath the
ganglion; it leaves the skull through the
foramen ovale, and, immediately below this foramen, joins the
mandibular nerve.
The
greater superficial petrosal nerve lies also underneath the ganglion.
The ganglion receives, on its medial side, filaments from the
carotid plexus of the sympathetic.
It give off minute branches to the
tentorium cerebelli, and to the dura mater in the middle fossa of the cranium.
From its convex border, which is directed forward and lateralward, three large nerves proceed, viz., the
ophthalmic (V
1),
maxillary (V
2), and
mandibular (V
3).
The ophthalmic and maxillary consist exclusively of sensory fibers; the mandibular is joined outside the cranium by the motor root.
Clinical significance
After recovery from a primary
herpes infection, the
virus isn't cleared from the body, but rather lies
dormant in a non-replicating state within the trigeminal ganglion. Thus,
herpes zoster may follow from
chickenpox.
Rodent
In rodent, the trigeminal ganglion is important as it's the first part of the pathway from the
whiskers to the brain. Cell bodies of the whisker
primary afferents are found here. These afferents are mechanoreceptor cells which fire in response to whisker deflection.
There are around 26,000-43,000 cell bodies in rodent Trigeminal ganglion. Is is possible that there are two distinct (or perhaps continuous) populations of cells having slowly and rapidly adapting responses to stimuli.
It is found at the base of the skull and projects to trigeminal
brain stem areas including
principalis,
spinal trigeminal nucleus,
interpolaris and
caudalis.
Additional images
Image:Gray193.png|Base of the skull. Upper surface.
Image:Gray777.png|Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion. Side view.
Image:Gray783.png|The otic ganglion and its branches.
Further Information
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